What Are Terpenes? Cannabis Terpenes and How They Work

Unraveling the Aromas: A Simple Guide to Terpenes in Cannabis

Terpenes, the aromatic oils present in various plants, fruits, and flowers, play a crucial role in defining the unique smells and flavors of cannabis cultivars. In this straightforward exploration, we delve into the science of terpenes, understanding their origins and discovering how they can assist you in selecting the right cannabis products.

Terpenes: The Essence of Aroma

Terpenes are fragrant oils primarily found in different types of plants, especially those of the coniferous or evergreen variety. These chemical compounds, responsible for the distinctive scents of fruits, vegetables, flowers, and herbs, including cannabis plants, offer a diverse range of aromas. Think of the refreshing scent of rosemary or the zesty tang of a lemon.

While thousands of plant terpenes exist, approximately 150 are unique to cannabis. Despite the general association of cannabis with a musky aroma, each strain possesses its individual scent, influenced by the types and quantities of terpenes present.

Where Terpenes Reside

Terpenes are naturally occurring compounds found in the fruits, stems, and various parts of many plants. In cannabis, these compounds are secreted in the trichomes of female cannabis plants. Trichomes, mushroom-shaped glands covering leaves, stems, and calyxes, release terpenes alongside cannabinoids such as THC and CBD.

The Role of Terpenes

Terpenes contribute to the smell, taste, and color of plants. As one of the largest groups of plant-released volatile organic compounds (VOCs), they aid plants in gathering information about their environment and interacting with other organisms. This interaction includes deterring unwanted insects and attracting beneficial ones.

Effects of Terpenes on the Body

While terpenes serve various functions for plants, their impact on the human body remains unclear. Many terpenes are associated with plants and herbs used in naturopathic remedies. The theory of the “entourage effect” suggests that cannabinoids and terpenes collaborate to produce the overall effects of cannabis.

Ongoing research explores the potential antiviral and antimicrobial properties of terpenes and their therapeutic use. However, conclusive scientific evidence beyond flavor and aroma effects is yet to be established.

Terpenes vs. Cannabinoids: Understanding the Differences

Terpenes and cannabinoids coexist in the trichomes of cannabis, but they differ in chemical structure and their effects on the body. Cannabinoids, a class of around 100 chemical compounds, include well-known THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) and CBD (cannabidiol). THC is the psychoactive compound responsible for the “high,” while CBD is believed to be non-psychoactive.

In contrast, terpenes, existing in various plants and some animals, are primarily responsible for the diverse aromas of different cannabis strains.

Common Cannabis Terpenes: A Quick Look

Among the myriad cannabis terpenes, five are frequently found. Each terpene contributes specific aromas and reported effects, allowing consumers to use the terpene profile to choose products based on preferred scents and tastes.

1. Myrcene

   • Aromas: Earthy, Fruity, Musky

   • Found in: Mangoes, Hops, Thyme, Lemongrass

2. Pinene

   • Aromas: Strong Pine, Rosemary

   • Found in: Coniferous Trees (Fir, Pine, Spruce)

3. Limonene

   • Aromas: Lemon, Lime

   • Found in: Citrus Fruits (Oranges, Lemons, Mandarins, Limes, Grapefruits), Juniper

4. Linalool

   • Aromas: Floral, Spicy, Woody

   • Found in: Mint, Cinnamon, Lavender

5. Beta-caryophyllene

   • Aromas: Peppery Spice, Woody

   • Found in: Black Pepper, Cloves, Balsam

Choosing Cannabis Products with Terpenes

While consumers often consider THC and CBD potency and species (indica, sativa, or hybrid), terpene content adds another layer to the selection process. Understanding the dominant terpenes in a product, known as its terpene profile, allows consumers to choose products based on preferred scents and flavours.

In conclusion, terpenes are just one of the factors to consider when shopping for the right cannabis product for you. Exploring the terpene profiles of different strains can guide you in discovering the perfect aroma and taste that aligns with your preferences.

Note: This guide is intended for informational purposes, and individual preferences should guide the selection of cannabis products. Always refer to product information for accurate details.